2023年4月贵州自考英语科技文选试题

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　　2023年4月贵州自考英语科技文选试题

　　课程代码：00836

　　1. 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。

　　2. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔

　　填写在答题纸规定的位置上。

　　选择题部分

　　注意事项：

　　每小题选出答案后，用2B 铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮 擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。

　　I. Directions: Read through the following passages. Choose the best answer and blacken the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on theANSWER SHEET.(20%)

　　(A)

　　Energy in this world is divided into different categories. It can be stored or transferred from place to place or from object to object. One kind of energy that all moving things have is called kinetic energy. It is energy possessed by an object due to its motion. The word kinetic comes from an Ancient Greek word kinesis which translates to motion. Very large objects, like planets, and very small ones, like atoms, all contain kinetic energy because they are in motion. The heavier a thing is, and the faster it moves,

　　the more kinetic energy it has.

　　There are two types of kinetic energy: transitional and rotational. Transitional kinetic energy depends on the motion through space, and an example would be a baseball pitcher throwing a ball. The ball contains the kinetic energy contained from the pitcher throwing

　　the ball.

　　On the other hand, rotational kinetic energy depends on an object's motion that is centered on an axis, like the Earth's rotation on its axis. If an object's speed and mass are known, the amount of kinetic energy it contains can be calculated.

　　Instead of other measurement units, Joule is used for kinetic energy, and another unit

　　for determining energy is known as the newton and is measured through a newton-meter.

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　　The direction of a moving object does not matter when understanding kinetic energy. It can move horizontally, vertically, or diagonally. When the speed of an object doubles, the kinetic energy it has will increase four times. However, when the mass of the object

　　doubles, the kinetic energy of the object also doubles.

　　Kinetic energy can also be transferred from one object to another. For example, when a baseball is thrown by the pitcher, and the bat hits the ball, the bat transfers its kinetic energy to the ball and the ball moves in a different direction, containing all the kinetic

　　energy.

　　In another example, a roller coaster that is pulled in an uphill manner will gain potential kinetic energy. Once the coaster cars hit the top of the structure, it has the most potential kinetic energy. It begins moving down the other side of the hill and gains speed as well as kinetic energy. By the time the coaster cars hit the bottom, it has achieved most

　　of its kinetic energy and is also at its point of least potential energy.

　　If an object is to gain or increase its kinetic energy, work must be done to the object, such as the pulling of the coaster cars or the bat hitting the ball. Most of the kinetic energy

　　starts as a different type of energy, such as potential, and is then converted.

　　Finally, if two objects are moving at the same speed, the object with more mass will have more kinetic energy. For example, if a bike and a car were moving at the same speed, the car will have greater kinetic energy. The car would cause more damage if it collided

　　with something versus the bicycle.

　　Another example is a car traveling at 60 mph has four times the kinetic energy of an identical car traveling at 30 mph. The car traveling at 60 mph has the potential for four

　　times more death and destruction in the event of a crash.

　　1. The word"kinetic"in line 3, para. 1, is closest in meaning to

　　A. central B. basic

　　C. motive D. running

　　2.Which of the following statements is TRUE?

　　A. The smaller an object is, and the faster it moves, the more kinetic energy it has. B. The heavier an object is, and the slower it moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

　　C. The heavier an object is, and the faster it moves, the less kinetic energy it has.

　　D. The heavier an object is, and the faster it moves, the more kinetic energy it has.

　　00836#英语科技文选试题第2页(共8页)

　　3. The one depending on an object's motion that is centered on an axis is

　　A. transitional kinetic energyB. rotational kinetic energy

　　C. determining energyD. potential energy

　　4. Which of the following objects will have the most kinetic energy as they move at the

　　same speed?

　　A. Bowling ball. B. Small marble

　　C. Golf ball. D. Baseball.

　　5. Most of the kinetic energy in an object starts as which type of energy? A. Determining energy. B. Mechanical energy. C. Potential energy D. Rotational energy.

　　(B)

　　The moon is Earth's satellite. A satellite orbits or goes around a larger object. The Moon's orbit is not a perfect circle. Sometimes it is farther away from Earth than at other times. Gravity pulls the Earth and the Moon close together. Gravity is a force which pulls objects together. The Moon's gravity is one-sixth that of Earth. A person or an object is

　　pulled down to the surface of the Moon with only one-sixth the force.

　　The Moon is much smaller than the Earth. Its diameter is only about one quarter that of the Earth. Its diameter is 2,160 miles. A diameter is the distance from one side of a circle to the other. The distance from the Earth to the Moon is about 238, 855 miles. The

　　average temperature on the Moon is -4 degrees Fahrenheit.

　　The Moon seems to change shape throughout the month. That happens because people only see the part of the Moon which the Sun lights up. The Earth travels around the Sun. The Moon travels around the Earth. When the Moon is between the Earth and the Sun, the Moon looks dark to Earth. The Sun is shining on its other side. The Moon spins on its axis once every 27 days. An axis is an imaginary line through the Moon from pole

　　to pole.

　　The surface of the Moon is made up of rock and dust. The surface rock has been smashed into pieces by many meteorites. A meteorite is a rock which hits the Moon from space. Heating and cooling during the day and night also break up the rock. The surface never changes because new rock is never made as it is on Earth.

　　Craters on the Moon were formed by the crash of meteorites against it. The largest craters are called basins. They range in size from a few inches to hundreds of miles across.

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　　Mountains thousands of feet high stand around the rim of these basins. Rilles are deep canyons made by flowing lava. Dark areas called maria (seas) were formed when giant craters were flooded by liquid rock leaking out from under the top layer of the Moon.

　　There is no wind or rain on the Moon to move the dust around.

　　In ancient times astronomers recorded the movement and shape of the Moon. They wondered why it seemed to move across the sky. The ancient Greek astronomer Hipparchus was one of the first to think that the Moon was a sphere or globe. The telescope was invented in the 1600's. People could see much more of the Moon's surface using the telescope. Scientists have sent probes to the Moon to study it. Astronauts have

　　landed on the moon several times.

　　A spacecraft being launched from the Earth needs a powerful rocket to lift it. It has to overcome Earth's gravity or it could be pulled back down to Earth. The spacecraft must protect the occupants from radiation from the Sun and space. It must keep them warm and provide air to breathe. It must land safely on the Moon and protect the astronauts from the

　　tremendous heat while re-entering Earth's atmosphere.

　　6. Which of the following is a satellite?

　　A. A planet B. A part of the Moon.

　　C. The Moon. D. The Earth

　　7. How often does the Moon spin on its axis?

　　A. Every year. B. Every 52 days.

　　C. Every other month. D. Every 27 days.

　　8. We may know from the passage that the craters on the Moon were formed because

　　A. areas on the Moon sank B. meteorites hit the Moon

　　C. of the basins D. of the maria

　　9.The word "sphere"in line 3, para.6, is closest in meaning to

　　A. triangle shape B. rectangle shape

　　C. round shape D. arch shape

　　10. Why does a spacecraft need a powerful rocket to lift it?

　　A. The Earth's gravity is trying to pull it down.

　　B. It is filled with a lot of equipment.

　　C. The Moon's gravity is less.

　　D. The Moon is very far from the Earth.

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　　非选择题部分

　　注意事项：

　　用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。

　　Ⅱ . Directions: Add the affix to each word according to the given Chinese, making changes when necessary. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(8%)

　　11. probable 可能性 12. suffice 足够的

　　13. fold 展开 14.play 相互作用

　　15. weigh 在(重要性等方面)超过 16. biology 神 经 生 物 学

　　17. repeat 可重复性 18. simulator 模拟

　　Ⅲ . Directions: Fill in the blanks, each using one of the given words or phrases below in its proper form and write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(12%)

　　on the go as to specialize in in memory of

　　comply withbe bound up with a host ofbuoy up

　　suck upexpose to a sense ofallow for

　　19. Scientists differ whether the giant panda belongs to the bear or panda family.

　　20. Victims may be poisonous or radioactive (放射性的) minerals.

　　21. lesser problems also await solution.

　　22. He founded the charity his late wife.

　　23. I've been since eight o'clock this morning.

　　24. The extra lock on the door gave him security.

　　25. A small segment of the urban society started to nonagricultural tasks as a result of

　　the city's role as a regional center.

　　26. The welfare of the indiyidual the welfare of the community.

　　27. the train being late, we should be back by eleven.

　　28. The forests themselves more than 1 billion tons of carbon every year.

　　29. We cannot your demands for the files.

　　30. He was by thinking he might manage to get married himself.

　　IV. Directions: Fill in each blank with a suitable word given below and write your

　　answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)

　　playing focused capable how take

　　as remains same deal challenges

　　00836#英语科技文选试题第5页(共8页)

　　Al is a young field, even its name,"artificial intelligence", was only coined in 1956. One of the 31 for AI has been to determine which tasks to study; what constitutes an"AI question"and 32 to evaluate the progress. Much early, AI research 33 on tasks commonly thought to require high intelligence in people, such as 34 high-quality chess. Skeptics viewed it 35 an impossible assignment, but AI made rapid progress. By the 1960s, programs were 36 of being the tournament(联赛) play. In 1997, in a landmark match, the chess system Deep Blue defeated Gary Kasparov, the world's human chess champion for the previous twelve years. At the 37 time, however, AI research was illuminating the enormous difficulty of common sense tasks that people 38 for granted, such as understanding stories or conversations. Developing programs that can 39 at a human leve] with rich everyday reasoning 40 a fundamental research challenge.

　　V. Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, each using one of the given words or phrases below. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)

　　in relation to adept at be associated with a wide range of come to light

　　41. 这篇文章讨论了一系列广泛的论题。

　　42. 我的室友在设计机器人方面是个内行。

　　43. 这些症状尤其与流感相关。

　　44. 新的证据最近已披露出来。

　　45. 关于虚拟现实我有几点看法。

　　VI. Directions: Translate the following paragraph into Chinese. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(15%)

　　46. We live in a technological society. Almost every aspect of life in the modern world is influenced by your technological surroundings. Communications, transportation, manufacturing, mining and exploration, the service industries, medicine, agriculture—all are dominated by methods and apparatus which are the results of technological advances. The basis of technology is science. Without the fundamental discoveries and understanding provided by science, technology would be lacking direction and making little progress. One can argue that our society is beginning to suffer from too much

　　technology, but we will never return to the primitive life of our forefather—technology is

　　with us and it will remain with us.

　　00836#英语科技文选试题第6页(共8页)

　　VII. Directions: Read the following passage, and then fill in the table with the information based on the passage. Write your answer on the ANSWER SHEET.(10%)

　　Ocean acidification is a major climate change problem, concerning the change in acidic levels of the ocean. Many biological species are expected to be negatively affected

　　by an increase in acidic levels.

　　Calcium carbonate minerals are responsible for building the skeletons and shells of many marine organisms. This means that areas in the ocean with a large organism count typically have a high concentration of calcium carbonate so organisms can calcify to build their shells and skeletons. However, ocean acidification reduces the concentration of calcium carbonate which impacts the ability of certain organisms to produce and maintain their shells or skeletons. Studies have shown that a more acidic environment has a dramatic effect on some calcifying species, including oysters, clams, sea urchins, shallow water corals, deep sea corals, and calcareous plankton. Acidification has also shown to significantly reduce the ability of reef-building corals to produce their skeletons, and some research shows that, by the end of the century, coral reefs may erode faster than they can rebuild. Future predictions estimate that the oceans will continue to keep absorbing carbon dioxide resulting in more acidic ocean water. Based on emission scenarios, estimates indicate by the end of the century the sea surface waters could be roughly 150% more acidic, which means a reduced pH that the oceans have not measured in more than 20

　　million years.

　　Over a billion people around the world get their main source of protein from the

　　ocean, and hundreds of thousands of jobs are reliant on the well-being of ocean species.

　　Therefore, from a human wellness standpoint alone, the acidification of the oceans is a

　　major problem.

　　00836#英语科技文选试题第7页(共8页)

　　Ocean Acidification

　　The author of

　　the passage attributes the problem of

　　ocean

　　acidification to 47 change.The places where there are more 48 in the

　　ocean tend to

　　have more

　　calcium

　　carbonate.Shells,

　　skeletons,

　　oysters, clams sea urchins, etc. all have rich calcium

　　carbonate 49.According to

　　the emission scenarios, the sea surface water has never been so 50 by the end

　　of the century.Scientists have

　　warned that

　　carbon dioxide the ocean takes in will 51 the level of ocean

　　acidification.

　　VIII. Directions: Write a passage (150-200 words) in English on the following title. Develop the ideas according to the Chinese outline given below. Write your passage on the ANSWER SHEET.(15%)

　　52.Internet—Two-Edged Sword

　　(1)网络给人们带来的益处;

　　(2)网络给人们带来的负面影响;

　　(3)你的看法。

　　00836#英语科技文选试题第8页(共8页)

　　【结尾】以上就是“2023年4月贵州自考英语科技文选试题”的简要介绍，如想获取更多内容可查看：贵州自考解答、贵州自考历年试题、贵州自考复习备考、贵州自考报名时间等相关资讯。